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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology beliefs. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This area requires growth. You can assist by including to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or respected individuals. Though it has achieved some credibility as a religious beliefs in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a company.


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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be viewed as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in an internet poll run by the governmental shift group obtaining public input for the incoming administration. Church of Scientology Perth.


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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated lawfully as a commercial business, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the visit this web-site trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try find more info to use it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and devoted one of the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity devoted by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No individual or company was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive strategies in addressing those it sees as trying to suppress them, understood as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially described by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same check my source time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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